Seemanta gandhi biography

However, he was not opposed to all technology. He saw the potential for technology to serve human needs when used wisely and in moderation. One of the most iconic symbols associated with Gandhi is the spinning wheel or charkha. For Gandhi, the charkha represented more than just a tool for making cloth; it was a symbol of self-reliance, simplicity, and resistance to British economic domination.

He was also a prolific writer of letters, articles, and essays, addressing a wide range of topics from politics and religion to diet and hygiene. Despite his global fame, Gandhi remained committed to a life of simplicity and service. He lived in ashrams, or spiritual communities, where he and his followers practiced their principles of non-violence, truth, and self-reliance.

He corresponded with figures like Leo Tolstoy, whose ideas on non-violence and simple living deeply influenced him. He also had a complex relationship with other Indian leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, agreeing on some issues and disagreeing on others. This stance put him at odds with many Indian and international leaders and remains a topic of debate among historians.

While he is widely revered as a symbol of peace and non-violence, some scholars and activists have also criticized aspects of his life and work, leading to a more nuanced understanding of his legacy. His emphasis on non-violent resistance and civil disobedience continues to inspire activists around the world, demonstrating the enduring power of his ideas.

His philosophy of non-violence, his commitment to truth and simplicity, and his vision of a just and equitable society continue to challenge and inspire people around the world. While Gandhi was not without his flaws and contradictions, his life serves as a powerful example of the potential for individuals to effect profound change through peaceful means and moral conviction.

His journey took him from the small town of Porbandar to the world stage, where his actions and ideas continue to resonate decades after his death. Check this out for more such biography. By signing up, you agree to the our terms and our Privacy Policy agreement. Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel. Retrieved 12 April Modern Asian Studies.

The Routledge Companion to Inclusive Leadership. Routledge Companions in Business, Management and Marketing. Retrieved 8 December Policing and Decolonisation: Politics, Nationalism, and the Police, Studies in imperialism. Manchester University Press. India's Struggle for Independence. Penguin Books. A Fine Family. Navajivan Publishing House.

Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru: a historic partnership. Publishing Corporation. End of empire. Retrieved 1 September By the late s, the League and the Congress had impressed in the British their own visions of a free future for Indian people. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 April Retrieved 25 March Propaganda and information in Eastern India, — a necessary weapon of war.

They heard about it on the radio, from relations and friends, by reading newspapers and, later, through government pamphlets. Among a population of almost four hundred million, where the vast majority lived in the countryside, For some, the butchery and forced relocation of the summer months of may have been the first they know about the creation of the two new states rising from the fragmentary and terminally weakened British empire in India.

A History of India. Archived from the original on 23 December Retrieved 6 June Divide and Quit. A concise history of modern India. Random House Digital, Inc. His decision was made suddenly, though after considerable thought — he gave no hint of it even to Nehru and Patel who were with him shortly before he announced his intention at a prayer-meeting on 12 January He said he would fast until communal peace was restored, real peace rather than the calm of a dead city imposed by police and troops.

Patel and the government took the fast partly as condemnation of their decision to withhold a considerable cash sum still outstanding to Pakistan as a result of the allocation of undivided India's assets because the hostilities that had broken out in Kashmir; But even when the government agreed to pay out the cash, Gandhi would not break his fast: that he would only do after a large number of important politicians and leaders of communal bodies agreed to a joint plan for restoration of normal life in the city.

LCCN Disputes over Kashmir and the division of assets and water in the aftermath of Partition increased Pakistan's anxieties regarding its much larger neighbor. Kashmir's significance for Pakistan far exceeded its strategic value; its "illegal" accession to India challenged the state's ideological foundations and pointed to a lack of sovereign fulfillment.

The "K" in Pakistan's name stood for Kashmir. Of less symbolic significance was the division of post-Partition assets. Not until December was an agreement reached on Pakistan's share of the sterling assets held by the undivided Government of India at the time of independence. The bulk of these million rupees was held back by New Delhi because of the Kashmir conflict and paid only following Gandhi's intervention and fasting.

India delivered Pakistan's military equipment even more tardily, and less than a sixth of the , tons of ordnance allotted to Pakistan by the Joint Defence Council was actually delivered. Violence: A History of the British Empire. A few months later, with war-fueled tensions over Kashmir mounting and India refusing to pay Pakistan million rupees, Pakistan's share of Britain's outstanding war debt, Gandhi began to fast.

Lindhardt og Ringhof. Sardar Patel decided, in the middle of December , that the recent financial agreements with Pakistan should not be followed, unless Pakistan ceased to support the raiders. Gandhi was not convinced and he felt—like Mountbatten and Nehru—that the agreed transfer to Pakistan of a cash amount of Rs. Gandhi started a fast unto death, which was officially done to stop communal trouble, especially in Delhi, but "word went round that it was directed against Sardar Patel's decision to withhold the cash balances" Only because of Gandhi's interference, which was soon to cause his death, Sardar Patel gave in and the money was handed over to Pakistan.

Delhi and Chennai: Pearson Education. This last fast seems to have been directed in part also against Patel's increasingly communal attitudes the Home Minister had started thinking in terms of a total transfer of population in the Punjab, and was refusing to honour a prior agreement by which India was obliged to give 55 crores of pre-Partition Government of India financial assets to Pakistan.

The national capital and its surrounding areas are gripped by massacres and the spewing of hate. The two Punjabs on either side of the border are aflame. On 1 January , a Thai visitor comes and compliments him on India's independence. Indian fears his brother Indian. Is this independence? Gandhi smarts at the Government of India's new cabinet headed by Jawaharlal Nehru deciding to withhold the transfer of Pakistan's share Rs 55 crores of the 'sterling balance' that undivided India has held at independence.

The attack on Kashmur is cited as a reason for this. Patel says India cannot give money to Pakistan 'for making bullets to be shot at us'. Gandhi's intense agitation settles into an inner quiet on 12 January when the clear thought comes to him that he must fast. And indefinitely. For further evidence of Patel's involvement in the clearing of Muslims in north India, see Pandey , Against the background of the India-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir, the dispute between the two countries over the division of cash balances and Gandhi's fast in early , Mountbatten noted the following of his interview with Patel: 'He expressed the view that the only way to re-establish decent relationship between the Muslims and non-Muslim communities was to remove Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan and drive out the Muslims of the East Punjab and the affected neighbouring areas.

Mountbatten Papers, University of Southampton. Blackwell History of the World Series 2nd ed. He undertook a fast not only to restrain those bent on communal reprisal but also to influence the powerful Home Minister, Sardar Patel, who was refusing to share out the assets of the former imperial treasury with Pakistan, as had been agreed. Gandhi's insistence on justice for Pakistan now that the partition was a fact Palgrave Macmillan.

Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 31 August The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. Archived from the original on 1 January Empirical Foundations of Psychology. History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century. Commissions and Omissions by Indian Prime Ministers. Regency Publications. Religion in India: Past and Present.

Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. Three days later the Mahatma was dead, murdered by a Hindu fanatic, Nathuram Godse, as a climax to a conspiracy hatched by a Poona Brahman group originally inspired by V. Savarkar—a conspiracy which, despite ample warnings, the police of Bombay and Delhi had done nothing to foil. Bowyer []. Assassin: Theory and Practice of Political Violence.

London: Routledge. The Partition of India. Archived from the original on 28 March Retrieved 2 December The bitter experiences of the refugees encouraged them to support right-wing Hindu parties. Trouble began in September after the arrival from refugees from Pakistan who were determined on revenge and driving Muslims out of properties which they could then occupy.

Gandhi in his prayer meetings in Birla House denounced the 'crooked and ungentlemanly' squeezing out of Muslims. Despite these exhortations, two-thirds of the city's Muslims were to eventually abandon India's capital. Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma. Mittal Publications. Almanac of World Crime. Retrieved 30 July Archived from the original on 3 July Retrieved 18 June Grove Press.

Archived from the original on 4 December Retrieved 19 January Archived from the original on 25 February United Press International. Archived from the original on 4 October The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 September Retrieved 14 January Gandhi meets primetime: globalization and nationalism in Indian television. University of Illinois Press.

Towheed, Shafquat; Owens, W. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Retrieved 29 June Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Los Angeles Times. ProQuest Gandhi Ashram. Rediscovering Gandhi. Gandhian studies and peace research series in Maltese. Archived from the original on 6 August Asian Spiritualities and Social Transformation. Springer Nature.

Archived from the original on 10 August Retrieved 10 August The sheer vagueness and contradictions recurrent throughout his writing made it easier to accept him as a saint than to fathom the challenge posed by his demanding beliefs. Gandhi saw no harm in self-contradictions: life was a series of experiments, and any principle might change if Truth so dictated.

Stuart Brown; et al. Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers. Bruce Journal of Indian History. Religious Studies. Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony. Retrieved 13 January Gier State University of New York Press. Retrieved 1 June Archived from the original on 21 November Archived from the original on 30 July The Gandhi-King Community.

Archived from the original on 11 August The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi. Ahemadabad: Navajivan Mudranalaya. Archived from the original on 2 September Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. Archived PDF from the original on 28 January Satyagraha: Gandhi's approach to conflict resolution. Retrieved 26 January Taras Liberal and Illiberal Nationalisms.

In Jinnah opposed satyagraha and resigned from the Congress, boosting the fortunes of the Muslim League. The Man who Divided India. Popular Prakashan. Contemporary South Asia. Editions, First Edition, pp. Political Theory. Gandhi staked his reputation as an original political thinker on this specific issue. Hitherto, violence had been used in the name of political rights, such as in street riots, regicide, or armed revolutions.

Gandhi believes there is a better way of securing political rights, that of nonviolence, and that this new way marks an advance in political ethics. Young India. Gandhi: 3. Archived from the original on 19 October Retrieved 3 May Cited from Borman , pp. Harvard University Press. Gandhi was the leading genius of the later, and ultimately successful, campaign for India's independence.

India Today. Gandhi as a Author M. Archived from the original on 25 January Retrieved 25 January Archived from the original on 9 December Life Positive Plus, October—December The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 January Unto this Last: A paraphrase. Archived from the original on 30 October Gandhi Songs From Prison.

Public Resource. Archived from the original on 29 October Retrieved 12 July SAGE Publications. The greatest of all national leaders and journalists of the independence movement was Mahatma Gandhi. The Times Illustrated History of the World. Routledge Library Editions: WW2. Northern Book Centre. Archived from the original on 20 February Imaginations of Death and the Beyond in India and Europe.

Springer Nature Singapore. Mahatma Gandhi, modern India's greatest icon, elevated his search for moksha above any of his social or political goals, including India's freedom from colonial rule. Grand Central Publishing. Gandhi is not only the greatest figure in India's history, but his influence is felt in almost every aspect of life and public policy.

Tribune India. BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 21 December The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary. Addresses in Durban and Verulam referred to Gandhi as a 'Mahatma', 'great soul'. He was seen as a great soul because he had taken up the poor's cause. The whites too said good things about Gandhi, who predicted a future for the Empire if it respected justice.

India-China Relations. Sunderlal Institute of Asian Studies. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting India. Dutta, Krishna ed. Rabindranath Tagore: an anthology. Robinson, Andrew. From year to year I have known him intimately for over twenty years I have found him getting more and more selfless. He is now leading almost an ascetic sort of life — not the life of an ordinary ascetic that we usually see but that of a great Mahatma and the one idea that engrosses his mind is his motherland.

Gokhale, dated Rangoon, 8 November , File No. Rabindranath followed suit and then the whole of India called him Mahatma Gandhi. But in when Gandhi was asked whether he was really a Mahatma Gandhi replied that he did not feel like one, and that, in any event, he could not define a Mahatma for he had never met any. Smithsonian National Postal Museum.

Archived from the original on 27 December Delhi: Ecco Press. Press Trust of India. Islamic Republic News Agency. Retrieved 5 June Public Division. The Economic Times. Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 22 November Retrieved 7 April Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 7 April Minor Planet Center. Archived PDF from the original on 1 October Archived from the original on 8 November Retrieved 8 November Business Standard News.

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Published by Africa Journal Ltd. Retrieved 5 September Gandhi's prisoner? Permanent Black. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 February Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 28 May Archived from the original on 2 December Al Gore cited both Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln in a speech on climate change in Achievements : Known as Father of Nation; played a key role in winning freedom for India; introduced the concept of Ahimsa and Satyagraha.

Mahatma Gandhi popularly known as Father of Nation played a stellar role in India's freedom struggle. The title Mahatma came to be associated with his name much later. Paying tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his death, famous scientist Albert Einstein said, "Generations to come will scarce believe that such a man as this walked the earth in flesh and blood".

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, , at Porbandar, a small town on the western coast of India, which was then one of the many tiny states in Kathiawar. Gandhiji was born in middle class family of Vaishya caste. His mother, Putlibai, was a very religious lady and left a deep impression on Gandhiji's mind. Gandhiji was a mediocre student and was excessively shy and timid.

Gandhiji was married at the age of thirteen to Kasturbai. He was in high school at that time. Later on in his life, Gandhiji denounced the custom of child marriage and termed it as cruel.

Seemanta gandhi biography

After matriculating from the high school, Gandhiji joined the Samaldas College in Bhavnagar. After the death of Gandhiji's father in , a family suggested that if Gandhiji hoped to take his father's place in the state service he should become a barrister which he could do in England in three years. Gandhi welcomed the idea but his mother was objected to the idea of going abroad.

To win his mother's approval Gandhiji took a solemn vow not to touch wine, women and meat and remained true to it throughout his stay in England. Gandhiji sailed for England on September 4, Initially he had difficulty in adjusting to English customs and weather but soon he overcame it. The young Indian struggled with the transition to Western culture.

Upon returning to India in , Gandhi learned that his mother had died just weeks earlier. He struggled to gain his footing as a lawyer. In his first courtroom case, a nervous Gandhi blanked when the time came to cross-examine a witness. He immediately fled the courtroom after reimbursing his client for his legal fees. Gandhi grew up worshiping the Hindu god Vishnu and following Jainism, a morally rigorous ancient Indian religion that espoused non-violence, fasting, meditation and vegetarianism.

Living in South Africa, Gandhi continued to study world religions. He immersed himself in sacred Hindu spiritual texts and adopted a life of simplicity, austerity, fasting and celibacy that was free of material goods. After struggling to find work as a lawyer in India, Gandhi obtained a one-year contract to perform legal services in South Africa.

When Gandhi arrived in South Africa, he was quickly appalled by the discrimination and racial segregation faced by Indian immigrants at the hands of white British and Boer authorities. Upon his first appearance in a Durban courtroom, Gandhi was asked to remove his turban. He refused and left the court instead. Refusing to move to the back of the train, Gandhi was forcibly removed and thrown off the train at a station in Pietermaritzburg.

From that night forward, the small, unassuming man would grow into a giant force for civil rights. Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress in to fight discrimination. Gandhi prepared to return to India at the end of his year-long contract until he learned, at his farewell party, of a bill before the Natal Legislative Assembly that would deprive Indians of the right to vote.

Fellow immigrants convinced Gandhi to stay and lead the fight against the legislation. After a brief trip to India in late and early , Gandhi returned to South Africa with his wife and children. Gandhi ran a thriving legal practice, and at the outbreak of the Boer War, he raised an all-Indian ambulance corps of 1, volunteers to support the British cause, arguing that if Indians expected to have full rights of citizenship in the British Empire, they also needed to shoulder their responsibilities.

After years of protests, the government imprisoned hundreds of Indians in , including Gandhi. Under pressure, the South African government accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts that included recognition of Hindu marriages and the abolition of a poll tax for Indians. In Gandhi founded an ashram in Ahmedabad, India, that was open to all castes.