King ferdinand ii biography

Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain , and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by the Nueva Planta decrees issued between and His marriage to Isabella is regarded as the "cornerstone in the foundation of the Spanish monarchy".

That year the couple defeated Granada , the last Muslim state in Western Europe , thus completing the centuries-long Reconquista. Following Isabella's death in , the couple's daughter Joanna became queen of the Crown of Castile. That year, after a war with France, Ferdinand conquered the Kingdom of Naples. In he became regent of Castile on behalf of Joanna, who was alleged to be mentally unstable.

In , as part of a treaty with France, Ferdinand married Germaine of Foix , with whom he had no surviving children. In he conquered most of the Kingdom of Navarre , ruling all the territories comprising modern-day Spain until his death in They were married with a clear prenuptial agreement on sharing power, and under the joint motto " tanto monta, monta tanto ".

He became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her deceased brother in The two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Joanna , the purported daughter of Henry IV, and were swiftly successful. The various states were not formally administered as a single unit, but as separate political units under the same monarchs.

The first years of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule saw the Spanish conquest of the Emirate of Granada , the last Islamic al-Andalus entity on the Iberian peninsula, completed in The completion of the Reconquista was not the only significant act performed by Ferdinand and Isabella in that year. In March , the monarchs issued the Edict of Expulsion of the Jews, also called the Alhambra Decree , [ 8 ] a document which ordered all Jews either to be baptised and convert to Christianity or to leave the country.

In the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the entire world beyond Europe between Portugal and Castile Spain for conquest and dominion purposes — by a north—south line drawn down the Atlantic Ocean. Ferdinand forced all Muslims in Castile and Aragon to convert, converso Moriscos , to Catholicism, or else be expelled. The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes with successive kings of France over control of Italy, the Italian Wars.

The King of France complains that I have twice deceived him. He lies, the fool; I have deceived him ten times and more. Some time before Andreas Palaiologos , the last exiled claimant to the Byzantine throne of his house, sold his titles and royal and imperial rights to Ferdinand. Those, however, had never been made use of, due to the doubtful nature of the deal.

Isabella made her will on 12 October , in advance of her 26 November death. In it she spelled out the succession to the Crown of Castile, leaving it to Joanna and then to Joanna's son Charles. Isabella was dubious of Joanna's ability to rule and was not confident of Joanna's husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand moved quickly after his wife's death to continue his role in Castile.

On the day of his wife's death, he formally renounced his title as King of Castile and instead became governor gobernador of the kingdom, as a way to become regent. Philip deemed his wife sane and fit to rule. A compromise was forged between Philip and Ferdinand, which gave Ferdinand a continued role in Castile. Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband.

The widowed Ferdinand made an alliance with France in July and married Germaine of Foix , cementing the alliance with France. Had Ferdinand's son with Germaine, John, Prince of Girona, born on 3 May , survived, "the crown of Aragon would inevitably been separated from Castile" [ 13 ] and denied his grandson Charles the crown of Aragon.

Ferdinand had no legal position in Castile, with the cortes of Toro recognizing Joanna and her children as heirs and Ferdinand left Castile in July After his son-in-law Philip's untimely death in September , Castile was in crisis. Joanna was allegedly mentally unstable, and Joanna's and Philip's son, Charles, the future Emperor Charles V , was only six years old.

Ferdinand annexed Navarre first to the Crown of Aragon, but later, under the pressure of Castilian noblemen, to the Crown of Castile. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however.

He is entombed at Capilla Real , Granada. His wife Isabella, daughter Joanna, and son-in-law Philip rest beside him there. Ferdinand and Isabella established a highly effective sovereignty under equal terms. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. Ferdinand Gotthold Max Eisenstein. Ferdinand Georg Frobenius.

Ferdinand Cohn and the Development of Modern Bacteriology. Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche. Ferdinand Prussian field marshal. Ferdinand king of Romania. Ferderber-Salz, Bertha.

King ferdinand ii biography

Ferchault, Guy. Ferber, Richard Richard A. Ferber, Herbert. Ferber, Elizabeth Ferber, Edna — Ferber, Brenda A. Feraru, Leon. Ignatius Loyola, St — , Spanish theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus , who after sustaining a leg wound as a soldier, renounced military life and turned to prayer and mortification. In he founded the Society of Jesus and became its first general.

His Spiritual Exercises , an ordered scheme of meditations, is still used in the training of Jesuits. His feast day is 31 July. More From encyclopedia. Updated Aug 24 About encyclopedia. Related Topics Christopher Columbus. Ferdinand Austria. Ferdinand Gotthold Max Eisenstein. Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. Ferdinand Cohn and the Development of Modern Bacteriology.

Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche. Ferdinand Prussian field marshal. Ferdinand king of Romania. Ferderber-Salz, Bertha. Ferchault, Guy. Ferber, Richard Richard A. Ferber, Herbert. Ferber, Elizabeth Ferber, Edna — Ferber, Brenda A. Feraru, Leon. In , Christopher Columbus , sailing under their auspices, discovered the New World, and in , by the Treaty of Tordesillas see Tordesillas, Treaty of , Spain and Portugal divided the non-Christian world between them.

Ferdinand personally was more interested in Mediterranean affairs. In he annexed most of Navarre, basing his claim on his marriage to Germaine de Foix. After Isabella's death he retained control over Castile as regent for his daughter Joanna. Joanna's husband, Philip I , became king of Castile in but died the same year. For the rest of his life Ferdinand continued his regency over Castile, first in the name of Joanna, who became insane, and then for his grandson, later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.