Euclid biography and his contribution

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Eucharistic Congress. The first type of extra information is that given by Arabian authors who state that Euclid was the son of Naucrates and that he was born in Tyre. It is believed by historians of mathematics that this is entirely fictitious and was merely invented by the authors. The second type of information is that Euclid was born at Megara.

This is due to an error on the part of the authors who first gave this information. In fact there was a Euclid of Megara , who was a philosopher who lived about years before the mathematician Euclid of Alexandria. It is not quite the coincidence that it might seem that there were two learned men called Euclid. In fact Euclid was a very common name around this period and this is one further complication that makes it difficult to discover information concerning Euclid of Alexandria since there are references to numerous men called Euclid in the literature of this period.

Returning to the quotation from Proclus given above, the first point to make is that there is nothing inconsistent in the dating given. However, although we do not know for certain exactly what reference to Euclid in Archimedes ' work Proclus is referring to, in what has come down to us there is only one reference to Euclid and this occurs in On the sphere and the cylinder.

The obvious conclusion, therefore, is that all is well with the argument of Proclus and this was assumed until challenged by Hjelmslev in [ 48 ]. He argued that the reference to Euclid was added to Archimedes ' book at a later stage, and indeed it is a rather surprising reference. It was not the tradition of the time to give such references, moreover there are many other places in Archimedes where it would be appropriate to refer to Euclid and there is no such reference.

Despite Hjelmslev's claims that the passage has been added later, Bulmer-Thomas writes in [ 1 ] :- Although it is no longer possible to rely on this reference, a general consideration of Euclid's works For further discussion on dating Euclid, see for example [ 8 ]. This is far from an end to the arguments about Euclid the mathematician.

The situation is best summed up by Itard [ 11 ] who gives three possible hypotheses. They all contributed to writing the 'complete works of Euclid', even continuing to write books under Euclid's name after his death. The 'complete works of Euclid' were written by a team of mathematicians at Alexandria who took the name Euclid from the historical character Euclid of Megara who had lived about years earlier.

Gracias Senior las papas. January 27, AM By Lojine. December 01, PM By Jeena. Nice information abt eucled. June 20, AM By Bharat agarwal. May 14, AM By bhawesh. It is now generally accepted that he spent his career in Alexandria and lived around BC, after Plato 's students and before Archimedes. There is some speculation that Euclid studied at the Platonic Academy and later taught at the Musaeum ; he is regarded as bridging the earlier Platonic tradition in Athens with the later tradition of Alexandria.

In the Elements , Euclid deduced the theorems from a small set of axioms. He also wrote works on perspective , conic sections , spherical geometry , number theory , and mathematical rigour. In addition to the Elements , Euclid wrote a central early text in the optics field, Optics , and lesser-known works including Data and Phaenomena. Euclid's authorship of On Divisions of Figures and Catoptrics has been questioned.

He is thought to have written many lost works. As with many ancient Greek mathematicians , the details of Euclid's life are mostly unknown. According to Proclus, Euclid lived shortly after several of Plato 's d. In his Collection , Pappus mentions that Apollonius studied with Euclid's students in Alexandria , and this has been taken to imply that Euclid worked and founded a mathematical tradition there.

Euclid is often referred to as 'Euclid of Alexandria' to differentiate him from the earlier philosopher Euclid of Megara , a pupil of Socrates included in dialogues of Plato with whom he was historically conflated. Medieval Arabic sources give vast amounts of information concerning Euclid's life, but are completely unverifiable. Any firm dating of Euclid's activity c.

Most of these, and the finest of them, are novel. And when we discovered them we realized that Euclid had not made the synthesis of the locus on three and four lines but only an accidental fragment of it, and even that was not felicitously done. The oldest extant direct citations to the Elements in works whose dates are firmly known are not until the 2nd century AD, by Galen and Alexander of Aphrodisias ; by this time it was a standard school text.

The Elements does not exclusively discuss geometry as is sometimes believed. Book 1 of the Elements is foundational for the entire text. Book 2 is traditionally understood as concerning " geometric algebra ", though this interpretation has been heavily debated since the s; critics describe the characterization as anachronistic, since the foundations of even nascent algebra occurred many centuries later.

From Book 7 onwards, the mathematician Benno Artmann [ de ] notes that "Euclid starts afresh. Nothing from the preceding books is used". The final three books 11—13 primarily discuss solid geometry. In addition to the Elements , at least five works of Euclid have survived to the present day. They follow the same logical structure as Elements , with definitions and proved propositions.

Four other works are credibly attributed to Euclid, but have been lost. Euclid is generally considered with Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga as among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity. The Elements is often considered after the Bible as the most frequently translated, published, and studied book in the Western World 's history. Vincent Millay wrote that "Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare.

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Euclid biography and his contribution

Ancient Greek mathematician fl. For the philosopher, see Euclid of Megara. For other uses, see Euclid disambiguation. Euclid by Jusepe de Ribera , c.